When a gas is compressed fast, a sudden heat is generated. This phenomenon was first observed by a workman in an arms factory in 1802. He noticed that a piece of linen in the barrel of an air gun started burning because of the fast air displacement. The discovery of the workman instigated a broad investigation into the thermal properties of gases. The large temperature differences when a gas was compressed were investigated, as well as when it expanded. Various devices, such as this air-gun, were developed to study and demonstrate the phenomenon.
Air-gun
1775 - 1799